Electrogram recording: Unipolar, bipolar, omnipolar and multipolar electrograms.

What was studied

An educational narrative review explaining the full pipeline of intracardiac electrogram recording, from signal acquisition through amplification, conversion, and filtering, covering unipolar, bipolar, and newer vendor-specific electrogram types (such as omnipolar electrograms), discussing the strengths, limitations, and clinical pitfalls of each type using real clinical examples; this is not a primary research study with original patient outcome data.

Key findings

• This is an educational/technical review article; no original patient outcome data are reported.
• The review explains how noise enters cardiac electrical recordings and methods to remove it, along with the respective strengths, limits, and pitfalls of unipolar versus bipolar electrogram recording.
• Newer vendor-specific electrogram constructions, including omnipolar electrograms and near-field discrimination techniques (using spatial and frequency-based methods), are explained in terms of how they work and where they can fail.

Clinical relevance

This educational review may help electrophysiologists better understand and interpret the electrical signals they rely on during cardiac mapping and ablation procedures, which could improve procedural accuracy and help avoid pitfalls associated with misinterpreting different types of electrogram recordings.

Who should care