Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
October 13, 2026 · via Europe PMC
Entomological response to control interventions during the first chikungunya and dengue outbreak in White Nile, Sudan.
Aljaily SAM, Hamed IAY, Mustafa KS, Musa EAE, Kareem AKAA, Ibrahim EMA, Halfon MS, Azrag RS
AI summary — for doctors, generated from the abstract only
An integrated vector control package in Sudan's first dengue and chikungunya outbreak was followed by large drops in Aedes indices, partly due to the season.
What was studied
Longitudinal entomological surveillance of 10 clusters, 600 households and 2,500 containers in Tandalti from July to December 2022, using Stegomyia indices and per-container larval and pupal productivity.
Key findings
- Clay pots and barrels accounted for 97.1% of positive containers
- Breteau index fell 92.8% and house index 78.2%
- Larvae fell 89.5% and pupae 95.5%
- Remaining containers still produced pupae at near-baseline rates
Clinical relevance
Public health and infectious disease clinicians in arbovirus-prone areas can see which containers drive breeding and that residual sites sustain transmission risk.
Limitations
There was no control group and the intervention effect cannot be separated from the wet-to-dry seasonal transition.
Target high-productivity containers such as barrels and zeers in vector control.
This is an AI-generated summary of the published abstract, not a clinical recommendation. It may not reflect the full text or subsequent updates — verify against the original source before acting on it.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
White Nile State in south-central Sudan experienced its first documented outbreak of dengue and chikungunya in 2022. The present study evaluates the entomological response following an integrated vector management package implemented during the outbreak in Tandalti town.
METHODS
Longitudinal entomological surveillance across 10 clusters encompassing 600 households and 2500 containers was conducted from July to December 2022. Stegomyia indices together with per-container productivity of larvae and pupae were calculated to quantify container infestation and evaluate entomological changes following the intervention.
RESULTS
Widespread Aedes aegypti infestation was documented across all clusters, with clay pots (zeers) and barrels accounting for 97.1% of positive containers. Following the implementation of control interventions, Stegomyia indices decreased substantially from September to December (house index by 78.2%, container index by 35.1%, Breteau index by 92.8% and pupal/demographic index by 94.1%) and total immatures decreased by 89.5% (larvae) and 95.5% (pupae). The few residual containers remaining in December were still producing pupae at per-container rates comparable to baseline, with barrels sustaining higher productivity than zeers.
CONCLUSIONS
The decrease in vector density is a combined effect of the control interventions and the wet to dry seasonal transition. Combining Stegomyia indices with per-container productivity identifies and quantifies residual containers sustaining the vector population. Sustained post-outbreak surveillance is needed, as these residual containers may contribute to vector population resurgence during subsequent transmission seasons.
DOI
10.1093/trstmh/trag120
PMID
42867223
Research metadata (titles, abstracts, authors, publication dates) is sourced from Europe PMC, which aggregates content from PubMed/MEDLINE, PubMed Central, and other providers under the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM/NCBI). NLM does not claim copyright on abstracts; the original journal publishers or authors may hold rights to the full articles. AI-generated summaries are derived only from the abstract, never the full text, and are always labeled as AI-generated.
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