International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases
October 21, 2026 · via Europe PMC
SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence and Antibody Dynamics in The Gambia During the Transition from Pandemic to Endemic Circulation - 2022 and 2023.
Janha RE, Bah A, Sonko B, +19 more, Roca A.
AI summary — for doctors, generated from the abstract only
By 2022 to 2023, SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were nearly universal in The Gambia, with seroprevalence highest in vaccinated people.
What was studied
Two cross-sectional serosurveys (about 3900 and 3990 participants aged 1 year or older) in three Gambian demographic surveillance sites in 2022 and 2023, using dried blood spots, ELISA, and multiplex assays, plus a 3-month antibody dynamics survey.
Key findings
- Spike IgG seroprevalence rose from 88.1% in 2022 to 93.1% in 2023.
- Vaccinated individuals had the highest seroprevalence.
- Exposure was described as nearly universal as circulation became endemic.
Clinical relevance
Shows how widely populations in low-income settings were exposed, informing booster and surveillance strategy as COVID-19 becomes endemic.
Limitations
The abstract is truncated and seroprevalence cannot distinguish infection from vaccination or tell protection level, so details on dynamics are not shown.
Use serology to inform vaccination priorities rather than assume protection, and favor targeted programs for those least likely to be immune.
This is an AI-generated summary of the published abstract, not a clinical recommendation. It may not reflect the full text or subsequent updates — verify against the original source before acting on it.
Abstract
Objectives
To understand population-level seroprevalence once SARS-CoV-2 becomes endemic.
Methods
We conducted two cross-sectional-sero-surveys (CSS) in three Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems (HDSS) in The Gambia: Farafenni, Basse and Kiang West. Dried blood spots were collected from 3909 participants in CSS1_2022 and 3991 in CSS2_2023, aged ≥1-year. SARS-CoV-2-spike (S-IgG) and nucleocapsid (NCP-IgG) proteins were measured by ELISA in both CSSs, while antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 variants and other respiratory viruses were quantified by multiplex-Luminex in CSS2_2023. Another CSS was conducted in Kiang West (KW survey) 3-months after CSS1_2022 to assess antibody dynamics. Statistical analysis was done using Stata/SE19.5.
Results
S-IgG seroprevalence increased between CSS1_2022 and CSS2_2023 [88.1% 95%CI (86.3, 89.6) vs. 93.1% (92.0, 94.0), p<0.0001], whereas NCP-IgG seroprevalence declined [72.7% (70.7, 74.7) vs 61.7% (59.3, 63.9), p<0.0001]. S-IgG seroprevalence was higher in vaccinated vs. unvaccinated individuals [CSS1_2022 [aOR = 3.11(1.85, 5.23)] and CSS2_2023 [2.01(1.18, 3.42)]. SARS-CoV-2 variants seroprevalence ranged between 50%-80%, while seroprevalence to other respiratory viruses was more heterogeneous. In the KW survey, S-IgG seroprevalence remained stable compared with CSS1_2022: 89.2% (85.3, 92.3), while NCP-IgG seroprevalence dropped from 73.1% (68.5, 77.3) to 61.2% (53.6, 68.4).
Conclusion
By 2022-2023, SARS-CoV-2 exposure in The Gambia was nearly universal. Still, COVID-19 vaccinated individuals showed highest seroprevalence.
DOI
10.1016/j.ijid.2026.109194
PMID
42906841
Research metadata (titles, abstracts, authors, publication dates) is sourced from Europe PMC, which aggregates content from PubMed/MEDLINE, PubMed Central, and other providers under the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM/NCBI). NLM does not claim copyright on abstracts; the original journal publishers or authors may hold rights to the full articles. AI-generated summaries are derived only from the abstract, never the full text, and are always labeled as AI-generated.
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